이번 글은 발전 Plant 관련 Code 및 규격에 대한 내용입니다. 참고가 되었으면 합니다.
발전 Plant 관련 코드 및 규격 ( Applicable Code & Standard for Power Plant Design )
1. Code & Standard related with Power Plant Design
1.1 Equipment
- Gas Turbine : ASME PTC 22 -Performance Test Code - Gas Turbines
Manufacturer STD: Alstom, Ansaldo, GE, MHI, Siemens
- Steam Turbine : ASME PTC 6 Performance Test Code - Steam Turbines
Manufacturer STD : Alstom, GE, MHI, Siemens, Doosan
- HRSG & Boiler ASME Sec.I Rules for Construction of Power Boilers
PTC 4.1 Performance Test Code - Steam Generating Units
PTC 4.4 Performance Test Code - Heat Recovery Steam Generator(HRSG)
PTC 19.1 Performance Test Code - Water and Steam Generating Units
- Pump HI 1~11 Pump Standards 2002
- Tank API 650 Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage
- Drum & Vessel ASME Sec.VIII Div.1 Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels
Sec.IX Welding and Brazing Qualifications
B16.5 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings
Dearator HEI Tray Type Deaerators
-Condenser HEI Steam Surface Condensers
HEI Air Cool Condensers
HEI Low Level Condensers
- Heat Exchanger ASME Sec.VIII Div.1 Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels
TEMA Class "R" Tubular Exchanger Manufactures Association
HEI Closed Feedwater Heaters
HEI Power Plant Heat Exchangers
- Vacuum Device HEI Liquid Ring Vacuum Pumps
HEI Steam Jet Vacuum Systems
- Generator IEC 60034.3/60085/60044-1/60186/Etc., ANSI C50.13/50.14, IEEE
- Design ASME PTC 46 Performance Test Code on Overall Plant Performance
- ASME TDP-1 Preventing Turbine Water Damage - Fossil-Fueled Plants
- Piping ASME B31.1 Power Piping
- Material ASTM, ASME
- Instrumentation ISA, ANSI, ISO, IEC, NEMA, NFPA, ASME, SAMA, ASME, API, MSS, AWWA
- Electrical IEC, ANSI, NEMA, IEEE
- Civil / Foundation ACI, ASCE
- Building UBC, ICBO
- Structure AISC
1.2. ASME PTC 의 구성
- Equipment Codes (31 PTCs)
- General Documents in Support of Equipment Codes (15 PTCs)
-PTC 6 Steam Turbines
-PTC 6.2 Steam Turbines for CC
-PTC 18 Hydraulic Turbines
-PTC 18.1 Pumping Mode of Pump/TBNs
-PTC 22 Gas Turbines
-PTC 42 Wind Turbines
-PTC 46 Overall Plant Performance
-PTC 47 IGCC
-PTC 50 Fuel Cells
-PTC 4 Fired Steam Generators
-PTC 4.3 Air Heaters
-PTC 4.4 HRSG
-PTC 12.1 Closed Feed Water Heater
-PTC 12.2 Steam Surface Condensers
-PTC 12.4 MSR
-PTC 30 Air Cooled Heater
-PTC 32.1 NSSS
-PTC 7.1 Rotary Pumps
-PTC 7.2 Power Pumps
-PTC 8.2 Centrifugal Pumps
-PTC 9 Displacement Compressors / VP / Blowers
-PTC 10 Compressors / Exhausters
-PTC 11 Fans
-PTC 12.3 Deaerators
-PTC 4.2 Coal Pulverizers
-PTC 25 Pressure Relief Device
-PTC 39 Steam Traps
-PTC PM Performance Monitoring Guidelines for Steam Power Plants
-PTC 21 Particle Matter Correction Equipment
-PTC 40 Flue Gas Desulfurization Units
-PTC 45 Emission Testing of Municipal Waste Combustors
-PTC 3.1 Diesel & Burner Fuels
-PTC 3.2 Coal & Coke
-PTC 3.3 Gaseous Fuels
-PTC 19.10 Flue & Exhaust Gas Analysis
-PTC 28 Properties of Fine Particulate Matter
-PTC 36 Measurement of Industrial Sound
-PTC 19.1 Measurement Uncertainty
-PTC 19.2 Pressure Measurement
-PTC 19.3 Temperature Measurement
-PTC 19.5 Flow Measurement
-PTC 19.11 Steam & Water Purity in the Power Cycle
-PTC 19.22 Digital Systems Techniques
-PTC 19.25 Transient Measurement Uncertainty
-PTC 1 General Instructions
-PTC 2 Definitions & Values
1.3. API code List
API 11P : Specification for Packaged Reciprocating Compressor for Oil and Gas Production Service
API 610 : Centrifugal Pump f or Petroleum, Heavy Duty Chemical, and gas Industry Services, 8th Edition, August 1995
API 611 : General Purpose Steam Turbines for Refinery Services, 3rd Edition, August 1988
API 612 : Special Purpose Steam Turbines for Petroleum, Chemical, and Gas Industry Service, 4th Edition, June 1995
API 613 : Special Purpose Gear Unit for Petroleum, Chemical, and Gas Industry Services, 4th Edition, June 1988
API 614 : Lubrication, Shaft Sealing, and Control Oil System for Special PurposeApplications, 3rd Edition, August 1992.
API 616 : Gas Turbines For The Petroleum, Chemical, and Gas Industry Services, 4th Edition, August, 1998
API 617 : Axial And Centrifugal Compressors For Petroleum, Chemical And Gas Industry Services, 6th Edition, February 1995
API 617 : Axial And Centrifugal Compressors And Expander-Compressors For Petroleum, Chemical And Gas Industry Services, 7th Edition, July 2002
API 618 : Reciprocating Compressors For General Refinery Services, 4th Edition, June 1995
API 619 : Rotary Type Positive Displacement Compressors For Petroleum, Chemical,And Gas Industry Services, 3rd Edition, June, 1997
API 670 : Machinery Protection Systems, 4th Edition, December, 2000
API 671 : Special-Purpose Couplings For Petroleum, Chemical And Gas Industry Services, 3rd Edition, October, 1998
API 672 : Packaged, Integrally Geared, Centrifugal Air Compressors For Petroleum, Chemical, And Gas Industry Services, 3rd Edition, September, 1996
API 673 : Centrifugal Fans For Petroleum, Chemical And Gas Industry Services, 2nd Edition, January, 2002
API 674 : Positive Displacement Pumps?Reciprocating, 2nd Edition, June, 1995
API 675 : Positive Displacement Pumps-Controlled Volume, 2nd Edition, October, 1994
API 676 :Positive Displacement Pumps-Rotary , 2nd Edition, December, 1994
API 677 :General-Purpose Gear Units For Petroleum, Chemical And Gas Industry Services, 2nd Edition, July, 1997
API 682 :Pumps-shaft sealing systems for centrifugal and rotary pumps
API RP (Recommended Practice) 11PGT :Packaged combustion gas turbines
API RP (Recommended Practice) 521 :Guide for pressure-relieving and Depressuring system.
API RP683 :Quality improvement Manual for mechanical equipment in petroleum. chemical and gas industries.
API RP686 :Recommended Practices for Machinery Installation and installation design
ASME PTC10 : Performance test code on compressor and exhasusters
ASME PTC 6 : Performance test code 6 on steam turbines.
ASME PTC6-report : Guidance for evaluation on measurement uncertainty in performance tests of steam turbines
ASME PTC6-A : Appendix A to PTC 6, the test code for steam turbines
ASME PTC6s : Procedure for rountine performance tests of steam turbines.
1.4. Vibration Spec. / ISO
-ISO 3046-5, Reciprocating internal combustion engines ? Performance ? Part 5: Torsional vibrations
- ISO 7919- 2, Mechanical vibration ? Evaluation of machine vibration by measurements on rotating shafts ? Part 2: Land-based steam turbines and generators in excess of 50 MW with normal operating speeds of 1 500 r/min, 1 800 r/min, 3 000 r/min and 3 600 r/min
- ISO 7919-3, Mechanical vibration ? Evaluation of machine vibration by measurements on rotating shafts ? Part 3: Coupled industrial machines
- ISO 7919-4, Mechanical vibration ? Evaluation of machine vibration by measurements on rotating shafts ? Part 4: Gas turbine sets with fluid-film bearings
- ISO 7919-5, Mechanical vibration ? Evaluation of machine vibration by measurements on rotating shafts ? Part 5: Machine sets in hydraulic power generating and pumping plants
- ISO 10816-2, Mechanical vibration ? Evaluation of machine vibration by measurements on non-rotating parts ? Part 2: Land-based steam turbines and generators in excess of 50 MW with normal operating speeds of 1 500 r/min, 1 800 r/min, 3 000 r/min and 3 600 r/min
- ISO 10816-3, Mechanical vibration ? Evaluation of machine vibration by measurements on non-rotating parts ? Part 3: Industrial machines with nominal power above 15 kW and nominal speeds between 120 r/min and 15 000 r/min when measured in situ
- ISO 10816-4, Mechanical vibration ? Evaluation of machine vibration by measurements on non-rotating parts ? Part 4: Gas turbine sets with fluid-film bearings
- ISO 10816-5, Mechanical vibration ? Evaluation of machine vibration by measurements on non-rotating parts ? Part 5: Machine sets in hydraulic power generating and pumping plants
- ISO 10816-6, Mechanical vibration ? Evaluation of machine vibration by measurements on non-rotating parts ? Part 6: Reciprocating machines with power ratings above 100 kW
- ISO 10816-7, Mechanical vibration ? Evaluation of machine vibration by measurements on non-rotating parts ? Part 7: Rotodynamic pumps for industrial applications, including measurements on rotating shafts
- ISO 10816-8, Mechanical vibration ? Evaluation of machine vibration by measurements on non-rotating parts ? Part 8: Reciprocating compressor systems
- ISO 13373 (all parts), Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines ? Vibration condition monitoring
- ISO 14694, Industrial fans ? Specifications for balance quality and vibration levels
- ISO 14695, Industrial fans ? Method of measurement of fan vibration
- ISO 14839 (all parts), Mechanical vibration ? Vibration of rotating machinery equipped with active magnetic bearings
- ISO 15242 (all parts), Rolling bearings ? Measuring methods for vibration
- ISO/TR 19201, Mechanical vibration ? Methodology for selecting appropriate machinery vibration standards
- ISO 21940 (all parts), Mechanical vibration ? Rotor balancing
- ISO 22266-1, Mechanical vibration ? Torsional vibration of rotating machinery ? Part 1: Land-based steam and gas turbine generator sets in excess of 50 MW
- IEC 60034-14, Rotating electrical machines ? Part 14: Mechanical vibration of certain machines with shaft heights 56 mm and higher ? Measurement, evaluation and limits of vibration severity
- VDI 2039, Torsional vibration of drivelines ? Calculation, measurement, reduction
- VDI 3832, Measurement of structure-borne sound of rolling element bearings in machines and plants for evaluation of condition
- VDI 3836, Measurement and evaluation of mechanical vibration of screw-type compressors and Root blowers; Addition to ISO 10816-3
- VDI 3838, Measurement and evaluation of mechanical vibration of reciprocating piston engines and piston compressors with power ratings above 100 kW; Addition to ISO 10816-6
- VDI 3839 (all parts), Instructions on measuring and interpreting the vibrations of machines
The following are excluded from this part of ISO 10816:
- land- ased steam turbine generator sets with power greater than 50 MW and speeds of 1 500 r/min, 1 800 r/min, 3 000 r/min or 3 600 r/min (see ISO 10816-2);
- gas turbine sets with power greater than 3 MW (see ISO 10816-4);
- machine sets in hydraulic power generating and pumping plants (see ISO 10816-5);
- machines coupled to reciprocating machines (see ISO 10816-6);
- rotodynamic pumps including integrated electric motors, i.e. where the impeller is mounted directly on the motor shaft or is rigidly attached to it (see ISO 10816-7);
- rotary positive displacement compressors (e. g. screw compressors);
- reciprocating compressors;
- reciprocating pumps;
- submerged motor-pumps;
- wind turbines.
1.5 밸브/플랜지 관련 Standard
API 600 : STEEL GATE VALVES-FLANGED AND BUTT WELDING ENDS
API 602 : COMPACT STEEL GATE,GLOBE AND CHECK VALVES
API 603 : CORROSION RESISTANT,BOLTED BONNET GATE VALVES-FLANGED AND BW ENDS
API 598 : VALVE INSPECTION AND TESTING
ASME B16.5 : PIPE FLANGES AND FLANGED FITTINGS
ASME B16.10 : FACE TO FACE AND END TO END DIMENSIONS OF FERROUS VALVES
ASME B16.11 : FORGED STEEL FITTINGS,SOCKET WELDING AND THREADED
ASME B16.25 : BUTT WELDING ENDS
ASME B16.34 : VALVES-FLANGED,THREADED AND WELDING ENDS
MSS SP-25 : STANDARD MARKING SYSTEM FOR VALVES,FITTINGS,FLANGES AND UNIONS
MSS SP-45 : BYPASS AND DRAIN CONNECTION STANDARD
MSS SP-55 : VISUAL INSPECTION
MSS SP-61 : PRESSURE TESTING OF STEEL VALVES
1.6 Performance Test PTC-46
Recommended Minimum Test Run Durations
Type of plant Test Run
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Gas Fired Boiler 2 hr
Oil Fired boiler 2 hr
Pulverized coal-fired boiler 2 hr
Fluidized bed combustor 4 hr
Simple cycle with heat recovery 1 hr
Combined cycle 1 hr
Stoker and cyclone stabilization 4 hr
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- According to PTC-46, there is no obligation regarding manual data acquisition. Manual logging at 10 minute intervals is practical for operations team.
- The main steam flow is typically calculated by subtracting blowdown and other possible extraneous flow like sootblowingsteam from the feed water flow.
- Reheat steam flow to the boiler is determinded by subtracting form the main steam flow any leakage it returns to the boiler as reheat steam.
[ Emission test duration ]
Based on USEPA Test Method
Nox : base load 60 min./ Part load 30 min.
CO : base load 60 min./ Part load 30 min.
Opacity : base load 30 min
O2 : base load 60 min./ Part load 30 min.